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List of Indigenous peoples of South America

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A Guaraní family in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2004

The following is a list of indigenous peoples of South America. These include the peoples living in South America in the pre-Columbian era and the historical and contemporary descendants of those peoples.

Circum-Caribbean

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The Circum-Caribbean cultural region was characterized by anthropologist Julian Steward, who edited the Handbook of South American Indians.[1] It spans indigenous peoples in the Caribbean, Central American, and northern South America, the latter of which is listed here.

Colombia and Venezuela

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See also: Indigenous peoples in Colombia and Indigenous peoples in Venezuela

The Colombia and Venezuela culture area includes most of Colombia and Venezuela. Southern Colombia is in the Andean culture area, as are some peoples of central and northeastern Colombia, who are surrounded by peoples of the Colombia and Venezuela culture. Eastern Venezuela is in the Guianas culture area, and southeastern Colombia and southwestern Venezuela are in the Amazonia culture area.[1]

Guianas

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This region includes northern parts Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and parts of the Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, and Roraima States in Brazil.

Eastern Brazil

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Main article: List of indigenous peoples of Brazil

This region includes parts of the Ceará, Goiás, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, and Santa Catarina states of Brazil

Andes

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Main article: Andes § People

Pacific Lowlands

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Amazon

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Main article: Amazon basin
See also: List of indigenous peoples of Brazil

Northwestern Amazon

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This region includes Amazonas in Brazil; the Amazonas and Putumayo Departments in Colombia; Cotopaxi, Los Rios, Morona-Santiago, Napo, and Pastaza Provinces and the Oriente Region in Ecuador; and the Loreto Region in Peru.

Eastern Amazon

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This region includes Amazonas, Maranhão, and parts of Pará States in Brazil.

Southern Amazon

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This region includes southern Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, parts of Pará, and Rondônia) and Eastern Bolivia (Beni Department).

Southwestern Amazon

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This region includes the Cuzco, Huánuco Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali Regions of eastern Peru, parts of Acre, Amazonas, and Rondônia, Brazil, and parts of the La Paz and Beni Departments of Bolivia.

Gran Chaco

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Main article: Gran Chaco

Southern Cone

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Patagonian languages at the time of European/African contact
Main article: Southern Cone

Patagonian channels

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Steward, Julian H. (1948) Editor. Handbook of South American Indians. Volume 4 The Circum-Caribbean Tribes. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143.
  2. ^ "Maco." Ethnologue. Retrieved 30 Aug 2012.
  3. ^ Clark, Patricia Roberts (21 October 2009). Tribal Names of the Americas: Spelling Variants and Alternative Forms, Cross-Referenced. McFarland. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7864-5169-2.
  4. ^ Also Acawaoi, Acawoio, Accawai.[3]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Cultural Thesaurus." National Museum of the American Indian. Retrieved 5 Aug 2012.
  6. ^ "Apiaká: Introduction." Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 28 March 2012
  7. ^ "Huachipaeri." Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 Feb 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Cultural Thesaurus." Archived 2011-04-29 at the Wayback Machine National Museum of the American Indian. (retrieved 18 Feb 2011)
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